Yuvraj Agarwal

Professor of Computer Science

Bio

I am a faculty member in the School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University. My research interests are at the intersection of Systems and Networking and Embedded Systems, and I am particularly excited about research problems that benefit from using hardware insights to build more scalable and energy efficient systems.

I am the Founder and the Director of the Systems Networking and Energy Efficiency - SYNERGY Labs. From 2010-2013 I served as the Executive Director of the NSF Expeditions in Variability. At UCSD I was a member of the Microelectronic Embedded Systems Lab (MESL) and the Systems and Networking Group (SysNet).

Research

My areas of interests include Systems and Networking, Embedded Systems and Mobile Computing. In several cases, my projects lie at the intersection of software and hardware, since I believe that by leveraging the underlying hardware better or even augmenting it, we can build much more scalable and efficient systems. My research spans three general themes although a common goal among many of my projects is improving energy efficiency. The first theme is on "Smart Buildings", where we look to improve the energy efficiency of buildings within the larger context of a smart micro-grid. The second theme relates to building more "Energy Efficient and Resilient Computing Systems" that can not only tolerate, but also detect and leverage the increasing variability in hardware components. The third theme is "Mobile Computing", focusing on various energy management and privacy challenges surrounding modern smartphone operating systems such as Android and iOS and their app ecosystems.

Yuvraj's Publications

2026
BuildingChat: Enabling User Interactions with General-Purpose Sensing Infrastructure for Buildings
CONFERENCE
Ubicomp 2026 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT'26), October, 2026
The Price to Site: Cost-Effective Incentives for Solar Deployment
Cooper Sigrist
, 
Alice Zhang
, 
Adam Lechowicz
, 
Mohammad Hajiesmaili
, 
CONFERENCE
BuildSys 2026 -- ACM Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings, Cities, and Transportation, July 2026
SpiderGen: Towards Procedure Generation for Carbon Life Cycle Assessments With Generative AI
CONFERENCE
AAAI 2026 -- Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI'26), January, 2026
2025
OrganicHAR: Towards Activity Discovery in Organic Settings for Privacy Preserving Sensors Using Efficient Video Analysis
Riku Arakawa
, 
Ricardo Graça
, 
Rúben Moutinho
, 
Adriano Soares
, 
Ana Vasconcelos
, 
Filippo Talami
, 
Joana Couto da Silva
, 
Inês Silva
, 
Cristina Mendes Santos
, 
Mayank Goel
, 
CONFERENCE
Ubicomp 2026 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT), December, 2025
"I would still use it but I wouldn't trust it": Evaluating Mechanisms for Transparency and Control for Smart-Home Sensors
CONFERENCE
Ubicomp 2025 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT'25), October, 2025
IMUCoCo: Enabling Flexible On-Body IMU Placement for Human Pose Estimation and Activity Recognition
Riku Arakawa
, 
Mayank Goel
CONFERENCE
UIST 2025 -- ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST'25), October, 2025
ECO-LLM: Orchestration for Domain-specific Edge-Cloud Language Models
Alex Crown
, 
Kevin Hsieh
, 
Yifei Xu
, 
Tusher Chakraborty
, 
Ranveer Chandra
, 
PREPRINT
arXiv
A Vision for Computational Decarbonization of Societal Infrastructure
David Irwin
, 
Prashant Shenoy
, 
Mohammad Hajiesmaili
, 
Walid A Hanafy
, 
Jimi Oke
, 
Ramesh Sitaraman
, 
Geoff Gordon
, 
Zico Kolter
, 
Deepak Rajagopal
, 
Mani Srivastava
, 
Vivienne Sze
, 
Priya Donti
, 
Andrew Chien
, 
John Birge
, 
Ali Hortacsu
, 
Line Roald
JOURNAL
IEEE 2025 -- IEEE Internet Computing
2024
Matcha: An IDE Plugin for Creating Accurate Privacy Nutrition Labels
Lorrie F. Cranor
, 
Jason I. Hong
CONFERENCE
UbiComp 2024 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT), 2024
Kirigami: Lightweight Speech Filtering for Privacy-Preserving Activity Recognition using Audio
CONFERENCE
UbiComp 2024 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT), 2024
Edulyze: Learning Analytics for Real-World Classrooms at Scale
Tricia Ngoon
, 
Neeharika Vogety
, 
Nikhil Behari
, 
Chris Harrison
, 
John Zimmerman
, 
Amy Ogan
, 
CONFERENCE
Journal of Learning Analytics
Is a Trustmark and QR Code Enough? The Effect of IoT Security and Privacy Label Information Complexity on Consumer Comprehension and Behavior
Claire C. Chen
, 
Dillon Shu
, 
Hamsini Ravishankar
, 
Xinran Li
, 
Lorrie Cranor
CONFERENCE
CHI 2024 -- SIGCHI Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2024
Bring Privacy To The Table: Interactive Negotiation for Privacy Settings of Shared Sensing Devices
Mayank Goel
, 
CONFERENCE
CHI 2024 -- SIGCHI Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2024
ClassID: Enabling Student Behavior Attribution from Ambient Classroom Sensing Systems
Tricia J. Ngoon
, 
John Zimmerman
, 
Amy Ogan
, 
CONFERENCE
UbiComp 2024 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT), 2024
Internet of Things Security and Privacy Labels Should Empower Consumers
Lorrie F. Cranor
, 
CONFERENCE
CACM 2024 -- Communication of the ACM, Magazine Article, Feb 2024
2023
Mites: Design and Deployment of a General-Purpose Sensing Infrastructure for Buildings
Mike Czapik
, 
Yang Zhang
, 
Chris Harrison
, 
CONFERENCE
UbiComp 2023 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT), 2023
TAO: Context Detection from Daily Activity Patterns Using Temporal Analysis and Ontology
CONFERENCE
UbiComp 2023 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT), 2023
VAX: Using Existing Video and Audio-based Activity Recognition Models to Bootstrap Privacy-Sensitive Sensors
CONFERENCE
UbiComp 2023 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT), 2023
Are Consumers Willing to Pay for Security and Privacy of IoT Devices?
Pardis Emami-Naeni
, 
Janarth Dheenadhayalan
, 
Lorrie Cranor
CONFERENCE
USENIX Security 2023 -- 32nd USENIX Security Symposium, 2023
"An Instructor is [already] able to keep track of 30 students": Students’ Perceptions of Smart Classrooms for Improving Teaching & Their Emergent Understandings of Teaching and Learning
Tricia J. Ngoon
, 
David Kovalev
, 
Chris Harrison
, 
John Zimmerman
, 
Amy Ogan
CONFERENCE
DIS 2023 -- The ACM SIGCHI Conference on Designing Interactive Systems, 2023
A First Look at Third-Party Service Dependencies of Web Services in Africa
Jiachen Dou
, 
Margarita Belova
, 
Maria Apostolaki
, 
Vyas Sekar
CONFERENCE
PAM 2023 -- The Passive and Active Measurement (PAM) conference, 2023
2022
TEO: Ephemeral Ownership for IoT Devices to Provide Granular Data Control
Matt Fredrickson
CONFERENCE
MobiSys 2022 -- 20th ACM International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services, 2022
Peekaboo: A Hub-Based Approach to Enable Transparency in Data Processing within Smart Homes
Gram Liu
, 
David Hwang
, 
Swarun Kumar
, 
Jason I. Hong
CONFERENCE
Oakland S&P 2022 -- The 43rd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy, 2022
Protecting Smart Homes from Unintended Application Actions
CONFERENCE
ICCPS 2022 -- 13th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems, 2022
Understanding iOS Privacy Nutrition Labels: An Exploratory Large-Scale Analysis of App Store Data
Yucheng Li
, 
Deyuan Chen
, 
Lorrie Faith Cranor
, 
Jason I. Hong
CONFERENCE
CHI 2022 -- SIGCHI Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2022
Exploring the Needs of Users for Supporting Privacy-protective Behavior in Smart Homes
Boyuan Guo
, 
Rituparna Roychoudhury
, 
Yaxing Yao
, 
Swarun Kumar
, 
Jason I. Hong
CONFERENCE
CHI 2022 -- SIGCHI Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2022
Understanding Challenges for Developers to Create Accurate Privacy Nutrition Labels
Kayla Reiman
, 
Lorrie Faith Cranor
, 
Jason I. Hong
CONFERENCE
CHI 2022 -- SIGCHI Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2022
An Informative Security and Privacy "Nutrition" Label for Internet of Things Devices
Janarth Dheenadhayalan
, 
Lorrie Faith Cranor
CONFERENCE
IEEE S&P 2022 -- The IEEE Security & Privacy Magazine, March/April 2022
2021
Marble: Collaborative Scheduling of Batteryless Sensors with Meta Reinforcement Learning
Francesco Fraternali
, 
Dezhi Hong
, 
Rajesh G. Gupta
CONFERENCE
BuildSys 2021 -- ACM Conference on Embedded Systems For Energy-Efficient Built Environments (BuildSys), November 2021
Honeysuckle: Annotation-Guided Code Generation of In-App Privacy Notices
Elijah B Neundorfer
, 
Jason I. Hong
JOURNAL
Ubicomp 2021 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT 21), September, 2021
Capture: Centralized Library Management for Heterogeneous IoT Devices
CONFERENCE
USENIX Security 2021 -- The 30th USENIX Security Symposium, 2021
Optimizing Adaptation of Smart Traffic Lights with Resource Constraints
Geoffery B. Dobson
, 
Kathleen Carley
, 
CONFERENCE
WFIoT 2021 -- IEEE 7th World Forum on Internet of Things, 2021
Which Privacy and Security Attributes Most Impact Consumers’ Risk Perception and Willingness to Purchase IoT Devices?
Janarth Dheenadhayalan
, 
Lorrie Faith Cranor
CONFERENCE
Oakland S&P 2021 -- The 42nd IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
What Makes People Install a COVID-19 Contact-Tracing App? Understanding the Influence of App Design and Individual Difference on Contact-Tracing App Adoption Intention
Camille Cobb
, 
Jackie (Junrui) Yang
, 
Sagar Baviskar
, 
Beibei Li
, 
Lujo Bauer
, 
Jason I. Hong
JOURNAL
PMC 2021 -- Pervasive and Mobile Computing, 2021
MLIoT: An End-to-End Machine Learning System for the Internet-of-Things
CONFERENCE
IoTDI 2021 -- ACM/IEEE Conference on Internet of Things Design and Implementation, 2021.
Classroom Digital Twins with Instrumentation-Free GazeTracking
Karan Ahuja
, 
Deval Shah
, 
Sujeath Pareddy
, 
Franceska Xhakaj
, 
Amy Ogan
, 
Chris Harrison
CONFERENCE
CHI 2021 -- SIGCHI Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, 2021
The Design of the User Interfaces for Privacy Enhancements for Android
Jason I. Hong
, 
Matt Fredrikson
, 
Mike Czapik
, 
Shawn Hanna
, 
Swarup Sahoo
, 
Judy Chun
, 
Won-Woo Chung
, 
Aniruddh Iyer
, 
Ally Liu
, 
Shen Lu
, 
Rituparna Roychoudhury
, 
Qian Wang
, 
Shan Wang
, 
Siqi Wang
, 
Vida Zhang
, 
Jessica Zhao
, 
Yuan Jiang
, 
Sam Kim
, 
Evelyn Kuo
, 
Jinping Liu
, 
Yile Liu
, 
Robert Zhang
PREPRINT
arXiv 2021 -- arXiv.org, CS, Technical Report: arXiv:2104.12032. April 2021
Netter: Probabilistic, Stateful Network Models
Chi Zhang
, 
Arthur Azevedo de Amorim
, 
Matt Fredrickson
, 
Limin Jia
CONFERENCE
VMCAI 2021 -- The 22nd International Conference on Verification, Model Checking, and Abstract Interpretation
Formalizing Tag-Based Metadata With the Brick Ontology
Gabe Fierro
, 
Xiaolin Zang
, 
Rajesh K. Gupta
, 
David E. Culler
JOURNAL
Frontiers 2020 -- Frontiers in Built Environment-Structural Sensing
ACES: Automatic Configuration of Energy HarvestingSensors with Reinforcement Learning
Francesco Fraternali
, 
Rajesh K. Gupta
JOURNAL
TOSN 2020 -- Transactions of Sensor Networks
Ask The Experts: What Should Be On An IoT Privacy And Security Label?
Lorrie Faith Cranor
, 
Hanan Hibshi
CONFERENCE
Oakland S&P 2020 -- The 41st IEEE Symposium on Security and Privacy
2019
Beyond a House of Sticks: Formalizing Metadata Tags with Brick
Gabe Fierro
, 
Rajesh K. Gupta
, 
David E. Culler
CONFERENCE
BuildSys 2019 -- ACM Conference on Embedded Systems For Energy-Efficient Built Environments (BuildSys)
Who can Access What, and When? Understanding Minimal Access Requirements of Building Applications
CONFERENCE
BuildSys 2019 -- ACM Conference on Embedded Systems For Energy-Efficient Built Environments (BuildSys)
Coconut: An IDE Plugin for Developing Privacy-friendly Apps
Jason Hong
CONFERENCE
Ubicomp 2019 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT'18)
EduSense: Practical Classroom Sensing at Scale
Karan Ahuja
, 
Franceska Xhakaj
, 
Virag Varga
, 
Anne Xie
, 
Stanley Zhang
, 
Jay Eric Townsend
, 
Chris Harrison
, 
Amy Ogan
, 
CONFERENCE
Ubicomp 2019
MobiPurpose: Inferring the Purposes of Network Traffic in Mobile Apps
Minyi Liu
, 
Kevan Dohia
, 
Gaurav Kumar Srivastava
, 
Matthew Fredrikson
, 
Jason Hong
CONFERENCE
Ubicomp 2019 -- ACM Transactions on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable Ubiquitous Technology (IMWUT'18)
Exploring How Privacy and Security Factor into IoT Device Purchase Behavior
Henry Dixon
, 
Lorrie Faith Cranor
CONFERENCE
CHI 2019 -- SIGCHI Conference: Human Factors in Computing Systems, Glasgow, Scotland, 2019.
2018
Pible: Battery-Free Mote for Perpetual Indoor BLE Applications
Francesco Fraternali
, 
Luca Benini
, 
Rajesh Gupta
PREPRINT
Computing Research Repository, November 2018
Brick: Metadata schema for portable smart building applications
Arka Bhattacharya
, 
Gabriel Fierro
, 
Jingkun Gao
, 
Dezhi Hong
, 
Aslak Johansen
, 
Joern Ploennigs
, 
Mario Bergés
, 
David Culler
, 
Rajesh K. Gupta
, 
Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard
, 
Mani Srivastava
, 
Kamin Whitehouse
JOURNAL
Applied Energy
Automated Extraction of Personal Knowledge from Smartphone Push Notifications
Ziyue Yang
, 
Yao Guo
, 
Xiangqun Chen
, 
Jason Hong
CONFERENCE
BigData 2018 -- IEEE International Conference on Big Data
Oh, What a Fragile Web We Weave: Third-party Service Dependencies In Modern Webservices and Implications
Carolina Zarate
, 
Hanrou Wang
, 
Vyas Sekar
PREPRINT
Computing Research Repository, June 2018
BuildingRules: A Trigger-Action–Based System to Manage Complex Commercial Buildings
Alessandro A. Nacci
, 
Vincenzo Rana
, 
Paola Spoletini
, 
Rajesh Gupta
, 
Donatella Sciuto
, 
JOURNAL
ACM Transactions on Cyber-Physical Systems
Pible: Battery-free mote for perpetual indoor BLE applications
Francesco Fraternali
, 
Luca Benini
, 
Rajesh Gupta
CONFERENCE
BuildSys 2018 - Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Systems for Built Environments
Scrabble: Transferrable semi-automated semantic metadata normalization using intermediate representation
Dhiman Sengupta
, 
Julian McAuley
, 
Rajesh Gupta
, 
CONFERENCE
BuildSys 2018 - Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Systems for Built Environments
Plaster: An integration, benchmark, and development framework for metadata normalization methods
Dezhi Hong
, 
Rajesh Gupta
, 
Kamin Whitehouse
, 
Hongning Wang
, 
CONFERENCE
BuildSys 2018 - Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Systems for Built Environments
2017
Transfer Learning for Performance Modeling of Configurable Systems: An Exploratory Analysis
Pooyan Jamshidi
, 
Norbert Siegmund
, 
Miguel Velez
, 
Christian Kästner
, 
Akshay Patel
, 
PREPRINT
Computing Research Repository, September 2017
Does This App Really Need My Location?: Context-Aware Privacy Management for Smartphones
Suhas Harish
, 
Jason I. Hong
, 
CONFERENCE
Ubicomp 2017 -- Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT 17)
PrivacyStreams: Enabling Transparency in Personal Data Processing for Mobile Apps
Fanglin Chen
, 
Toby Jia-Jun Li
, 
Yao Guo
, 
Gang Huang
, 
Matthew Fredrikson
, 
Jason I Hong
CONFERENCE
Ubicomp 2017 -- Proceedings of the ACM on Interactive, Mobile, Wearable and Ubiquitous Technologies (IMWUT 17)
Understanding the Purpose of Permission Use in Mobile Apps
Haoyu Wang
, 
Yao Guo
, 
Jason I Hong
CONFERENCE
ACM Trans. Inf. Syst.
CharIoT: An End-user Programming Environment for the IoT
Matúš Tomlein
, 
Anind K Dey
CONFERENCE
Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on the Internet of Things
Transfer Learning for Performance Modeling of Configurable Systems: An Exploratory Analysis
Pooyan Jamshidi
, 
Norbert Siegmund
, 
Miguel Velez
, 
Christian Kästner
, 
Akshay Patel
, 
CONFERENCE
Proceedings of the 32Nd IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering
2016
Managing Commercial HVAC Systems: What do Building Operators Really Need?
PREPRINT
Computing Research Repository, December 2016
Brick: Towards a Unified Metadata Schema For Buildings
Arka Bhattacharya
, 
Gabriel Fierro
, 
Jingkun Gao
, 
Dezhi Hong
, 
Aslak Johansen
, 
Joern Ploennigs
, 
Mario Bergés
, 
David Culler
, 
Rajesh K. Gupta
, 
Mikkel Baun Kjærgaard
, 
Mani Srivastava
, 
Kamin Whitehouse
CONFERENCE
BuildSys '16 Proceedings of the 3rd ACM International Conference on Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments
Dynamic data center load response to variability in private and public electricity costs
Nathaniel Horner
, 
Inês Azevedo
, 
Doug Sicker
, 
CONFERENCE
2016 IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm)
How Short Is Too Short? Implications of Length and Framing on the Effectiveness of Privacy Notices
Florian Schaub
, 
Amy Friedman
, 
Hana Habib
, 
Norman Sadeh
, 
Lorrie Faith Cranor
, 
CONFERENCE
Twelfth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2016)
Follow My Recommendations: A Personalized Privacy Assistant for Mobile App Permissions
Bin Liu
, 
Mads Schaarup Andersen
, 
Florian Schaub
, 
Hazim Almuhimedi
, 
Shikun (Aerin) Zhang
, 
Norman Sadeh
, 
Alessandro Acquisti
CONFERENCE
Twelfth Symposium on Usable Privacy and Security (SOUPS 2016)
A Systematic Approach for Exploring Tradeoffs in Predictive HVAC Control Systems for Buildings
Christian Koehler
, 
Jennifer Mankoff
, 
Anind Dey
, 
PREPRINT
Computing Research Repository, January 2016
Genie: A Longitudinal Study Comparing Physical and Software Thermostats in Office Buildings
CONFERENCE
Proceedings of the 2016 ACM International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Ubiquitous Computing
2015
Handling a trillion (unfixable) flaws on a billion devices: Rethinking network security for the Internet-of-Things
Tianlong Yu
, 
Vyas Sekar
, 
Srini Seshan
, 
Chenren Xu
WORKSHOP
HotNets 2015: Fourteenth ACM Workshop on Hot Topics in Networks.
Models, Abstractions, and Architectures: The Missing Links in Cyber-physical Systems
Mohammad Abdullah {Al Faruque}
, 
Nikil Dutt
, 
Rajesh Gupta
, 
CONFERENCE
Proceedings of the 52Nd Annual Design Automation Conference
Your location has been shared 5,398 times! A field study on mobile app privacy nudging
Hazim Almuhimedi
, 
Florian Schaub
, 
Norman Sadeh
, 
Idris Adjerid
, 
Alessandro Acquisti
, 
Lorrie Cranor
, 
CONFERENCE
Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings
Zodiac: Organizing Large Deployment of Sensors to Create Reusable Applications for Buildings
Chetan Verma
, 
Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy
, 
CONFERENCE
Proceedings of the 2Nd ACM International Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Built Environments
2014
BuildingSherlock: Fault Management Framework for HVAC Systems: Demo Abstract
Rizhen Zhang
, 
Yan Zhang
, 
Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy
, 
CONFERENCE
Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings
Data Driven Investigation of Faults in HVAC Systems with Model, Cluster and Compare (MCC)
Balakrishnan Narayanaswamy
, 
Rajesh Gupta
, 
CONFERENCE
Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings
EnergyLens: Combining Smartphones with Electricity Meter for Accurate Activity Detection and User Annotation
Manaswi Saha
, 
Shailja Thakur
, 
Amarjeet Singh
, 
CONFERENCE
Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Future Energy Systems
WattShare: Detailed Energy Apportionment in Shared Living Spaces Within Commercial Buildings
Shailja Thakur
, 
Manaswi Saha
, 
Amarjeet Singh
, 
CONFERENCE
Proceedings of the 1st ACM Conference on Embedded Systems for Energy-Efficient Buildings
2013
BuildingDepot 2.0: An Integrated Management System for Building Analysis and Control
Thomas Weng
, 
Anthony Nwokafor
, 
CONFERENCE
BuildSys '13 Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings
ProtectMyPrivacy: Detecting and mitigating privacy leaks on iOS devices using crowdsourcing
CONFERENCE
MobiSys 2013 - Proceedings of the 11th Annual International Conference on Mobile Systems, Applications, and Services
2012
BuildingDepot: An Extensible and Distributed Architecture for Building Data Storage, Access and Sharing
Rajesh Gupta
, 
Daisuke Komaki
, 
Thomas Weng
CONFERENCE
BuildSys '12 Proceedings of the Fourth ACM Workshop on Embedded Sensing Systems for Energy-Efficiency in Buildings